history of the kingdom of Majapahit

The formation history of the kingdom of MajapahitAt the time of the attack Jayakatwang, Raden Wijaya charge facing the north, was actually larger attack launched from the south. So when Raden Wijaya back to the palace, he saw the Royal Palace Singasari almost burnt and hear Kertanegara been killed along with other dignitaries. Eventually he fled with the remains of soldiers who are still loyal and helped villagers Kugagu. Feel safe after he went to ask for protection from Aryawiraraja Madura. Thanks to his help he succeeded to the throne, with the appeal presented to the Raden Wijaya as his territory. When it comes to Java Mongol army led by Shih-Pi, Ike-Mise, and you Hsing Kertanegara to punish, then Raden Wijaya exploit the situation to work together to attack Jayakatwang. After Jayakatwang killed, the Mongol army feasted kemenanganya celebrate. The opportunity was also utilized by Raden Wijaya to turn against the Mongols, so the Mongol armies were driven from Java and go unrecognized. Then in 1293 Raden Wijaya ascended the throne and the title of Sri Kertajasa Jayawardhana.
Majapahit kingsKertajasa Jawardhana (1293 - 1309)Is the founder of the Majapahit kingdom, during his reign, Raden Wijaya also aided by their pioneering instrumental in the founding of the kingdom of Majapahit, Aryawiraraja great merit was given dominion over the East encompassing Lumajang, Blambangan. Raden Wijaya ruled very well and wisely. The composition of his administration are no different from the composition of government Singasari Kingdom.
Jayanegara king (1309-1328)Gemet when his father ascended the throne with the title of Sri Jayanegara. On The pemerintahannnya characterized by rebellion. For example, the rebellion Ranggalawe 1231 saka, saka 1233 uprising Ox Sora, rebellion Savior demung 1235 saka, saka 1236 Blue Elephant insurrection, rebellion Nambi, Lasem, Semi, Kuti with Bandaderga events. Kuti rebellion is a dangerous rebellion, almost tear down the kingdom of Majapahit. But all that can be overcome. Jayanegara king was murdered by his own tabibnya named Tanca. Tanca eventually assassinated by Gajah Mada anyway.
Tribuwana Tunggadewi (1328 - 1350)Jayanegara king died without leaving a putrapun, therefore it should be the king of the Gayatri, but because he had become a monk then succeeded by his daughter with a degree Tribuwana Bhre Kahuripan Tunggadewi, assisted by her husband called Kartawardhana. In 1331 arose the insurgency by Sadeng and Keta (Besuki). The revolt was crushed by Gajah Mada who was then serving Patih Daha. Gajah Mada for his services was appointed as the kingdom of Majapahit Mahapatih Pu replace Naga. Gajah Mada and then tried to show his loyalty, he aspired to unite the archipelago, assisted by MPU Nala and Adityawarman. In 1339, Gajah Mada Jackson vowed not to eat before the archipelago together. Now known as the Oath sworn Palapa, as for the content of amukti palapa is as follows: "Seagrass luwas lost archipelago isum amakti palapa, yet lost ring Desert, Seram ring, ring Sunda, Palembang ring, ring Tumasik, samana sun amukti palapa". Gajah Mada then perform conquests.
Hayam WurukHayam Wuruk ascended the throne at a very young age is 16 years old and hold a Rajasanegara. In the reign of Hayam Wuruk Mahapatih accompanied by Gajah Mada, Majapahit reached golden. From the Book Negerakertagama can be seen that the power in the reign of Hayam Wuruk, nearly coextensive with the territory of Indonesia is now, even the influence of the Majapahit kingdom to tettangga countries. The only areas not subject to the powers of Sunda kingdom of Majapahit was then under the rule of Maharaja Sri baduga. Hayam Wuruk Sunda daughter intends to take to become queen. After the daughter of Sunda (Diah Pitaloka) and his father Maharaja Sri Baduga with the authorities in the Sunda Bubat, Gajah Mada practice deception, Gajah Mada did not want the marriage to the princess of Sunda Hayam Wuruk carried away. He wants to be presented to the Majapahit princess Sundanese (a tribute). Then there was disagreement and finally Bubat war. Many of the victims on both sides, Sri Baduga fall, the daughter of Sunda suicide.
Gajah Mada died in 1364, the Kingdom of Majapahit mahapatih lose a second to none. To choose his successor was not an easy job. Saptaprabu Council which has several times held a meeting to choose a successor to Gajah Mada eventually decided that Patih Hamungkubhumi Gajah Mada would not be replaced "to fill the gap in the implementation of the government appointed Tandi sebagais Wridhamantri MPU, MPU Nala as a minister and governor Amancanegara Dami as Yuamentri. King Hayam Wuruk died in 1389.
WikramawardhanaKusumawardhani princes who ascended the throne of his father married Wikramawardhana. In practice Wikramawardhanalah who run the government. While Bhre Wirabhumi Hayam Wuruk children of concubines, because Bhre Wirabhumi (Princess Hayam Wuruk) of concubines he is not entitled to occupy the throne however he was given power to rule the Eastern Part of Majapahit, the area of ​​Blambangan. Wikramawardhana power struggle between the so-called war Paregreg Bhre Wirabhumi.
Wikramawardhana died in 1429, subsequent kings reign in succession is Suhita, Kertawijaya, Rajasa Ward, Purwawisesa and UB V, which did not escape marked the seizure of power.
Source of HistorySources of the history of the Majapahit empire growing up and come from various sources namely:
Inscription Butok (1244 years). The inscription was issued by Raden Wijaya after he succeeded to the throne of the kingdom. This inscription contains Singasari empire collapse events and the struggle to establish the kingdom of Raden Wijaya
Flag Song of Songs and Song Harsawijaya Wijayakrama, both these songs tell Raden Wijaya when facing the enemy of kediri and early years development of Majapahit
Pararaton the book, telling about the reign of the kings of Majapahit Singasari and
Negarakertagama the book, tells of Rajam Hayam Wuruk journey to East Java.
The political lifeMajapahit always run good neighborly politics with foreign kingdoms, such as the Kingdom of China, Ayodya (Siam), Champa and Cambodia. It was evident around the year 1370 - 1381, Majapahit has several times sent envoys to China friendship. It is known from Chinese chronicles the story of the Ming Dynasty.
King of Majapahit as a statesman eminent politicians as well as reliable. This is evidenced by Raden Wiajaya, Hayam Wuruk, and the Supreme Patih Gajahmada in an attempt to create a large empire, powerful and authoritative. The structure of government at the center of Majapahit rule:
A. King2. Yuaraja or Kumaraja (Raja Muda)3. Rakryan Mahamantri Katrini
a. I-hino Mahamantrib. Mahamantri i-upstreamc. Mahamantri i-sirikan
4. Rakryan Mahamantri ri Pakirakiran
a. Rakryan Mahapatih (Commander / Hamangkubhumi)b. Rakryan Hero (commander of the Kingdom)c. Rakryan demung (Royal Household Manager)d. Rakryan Kemuruhan (Liaison and protocol tasks) ande. Rakryan Rangga (Assistant Commander)
5. Dharmadyaka occupied by two people, each dharmadyaka assisted by a number of religious officials called Upapat. In those days there were 7 Upapati Hayam Wuruk.
In addition to officials who have been mentioned under the king of kings there are a number of areas (majesty bharata) who each ruled an area. Besides the kings of the unisex civilian officials and military. Of the composition of government we can see that the system of government and political life has been very regular work Majapahit.
Economic Social and Cultural lifeForged friendly relations with countries tentangga was very supportive in the economy (shipping and trade). Majapahit empire made up of islands and island regions that produce a variety of sources of merchandise.
Merchandise offered for sale include rice, pepper, ivory, tin, iron, diamonds, fish, cloves, nutmeg, sandalwood and cotton.
In world trade, the kingdom of Majapahit holds two very important roles.As the kingdom Manufacturers - Majapahit has a very wide area with very fertile soils. With a fertile area that the kingdom of Majapahit is the manufacturer of the merchandise.
As the Kingdom of Intermediaries - the Kingdom of Majapahit brought crops from one area to another area. The state of society which regularly support the creation of cultural works of quality. evidence of cultural development in the kingdom of Majapahit can be known through the relics of the following:
Temple: Another temple Between Training (Blitar), Tegalwangi temple and temple mice (Trowulan).
Literature: The Majapahit era literature we can distinguish aEarly literature Majapahit Period

    Negarakertagama the book, written by mpu Prapanca
    Sutasoma the book, written by mpu Tantular
    Arjunawiwaha the book, written by mpu Tantular
    Book Kunjarakarna
    Book Parhayajna
Literature Majapahit Period End

    The results of the end of the Majapahit era literature written in Central Java, some of which are written in the form of songs (hymns) and written in prose (prose). The results of the most important literature include:
    Prapanca the book, it tells the kings of Majapahit Singasari and
    Sundayana the book, the contents of the events Bubat
    Sarandaka the book, the contents of the rebellion sora
    Ranggalawe the book, the contents of the rebellion Ranggalawe
    Panjiwijayakrama, it outlines the history of Raden Wijaya to be king
    Usana Book of Java, the contents of the conquest of the island of Bali by Gajah Mada and Aryadamar, transfer to the Majapahit palace Gelgel and crushing giant king named Maya Denawa.
    Book of Usana Bali, it tentanng chaos in the island of Bali.
Besides these books there is still more important literary books at the end of the Majapahit era such as the Book of Uncle Cangah, Tantu Pagelaran, Candidate Charcoal, Korawasrama, Babhulisah, Tantri Kamandaka and Pancatantra.